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Mystery tree that 'bears fruit in the shape of 'WOMEN in urdu

Mystery tree that 'bears fruit in the shape of 'WOMEN found growing in Thailand

 ی شکل میں پھل دیتا ہے' اسرار درخت کہ
یہ خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ درختوں میں ایک قدیم بدھ مت خدا کی طرف سے پیدا کیا گیا تھا - لیکن بہت سے لوگ اس بات پر یقین نہیں ہیں
ایک عجیب درخت تھائی لینڈ میں بڑھتی ہوئی ایک نوجوان عورت کی صحیح شکل میں پھل کرنے کے لئے ظاہر ہوتا ہے - اور یہ انٹرنیٹ چونکانے ہے.
لیکن بہت سے جبکہ سبز پھل کی شکل کی طرف سے حیران رہ جاتے ہیں، دوسروں کو الجھا فوٹیج کی طرف سے کم قائل ہیں.
بودھی پورانیک میں، Nariphon طور پر جانا جاتا ایک درخت نوجوان خواتین کو مخلوق کے پھل دیتا ہے اور Himaphan بلایا پورانیک جنگل میں بڑھنے کے لئے کہا جاتا ہے.
کہانی بدھسٹ خدا اندرا اس کی بیوی Vessantara اور ان کے دو بچوں کے لئے جنگل میں ایک گھر جاتا ہے.
لیکن Vessantara کھانا جمع کرنے کے لئے جنگل میں باہر چلا گیا جب، وہ مرد خوفناک مخلوق کی طرف سے حملہ کیا جا رہا ہے کے خطرے میں تھی.
اندرا پھر 12 خصوصی Nariphon درختوں وہ اس کی اپنی خوراک اٹھایا جبکہ مخلوق کو مشغول کرنے اپنی بیوی کی تصویر میں پھل برداشت کرے گا، جو پیدا.
مردوں کو ان کے گھروں میں اور ان سے محبت کرنے چار مہینے سو گے بعد یہ پھل واپس لے، اور ان کے اختیارات سے محروم ہوں گے.
تھائی لوککتاوں کے مطابق، اندرا اور اس کی بیوی کے مرنے کے بعد، درخت پھل کرنے کے لئے جاری.
وہاں بینکاک کے قریب ایک بدھ مندر میں دو Nariphon pods کے ہونے کی افواہ رہے ہ

Mystery tree that 'bears fruit in the shape of 'WOMEN found growing in Thailand
It is believed that the trees were created by an ancient Buddhist god - but many people aren't convinced
A strange tree growing in Thailand appears to bear fruit in the exact shape of a young woman - and it's baffling the internet.
But while many are amazed by the shape of the green fruits , others are less convinced by the confusing footage.
In Buddhist mythology , a tree known as the Nariphon bears the fruit of young female creatures and is said to grow in the mythical forest called Himaphan.
The story goes that Buddhist God Indra a home in the forest for his wife Vessantara and his two children.
But when Vessantara went out into the forest to collect food, she was in danger of being attacked by terrifying male creatures.
Indra then created 12 special Nariphon trees which would bear fruit in his wife's image to distract the creatures while she picked her own food.
The men would take these fruits back to their homes and after making love to them would sleep for four months, and lose their powers.
According to Thai folklore, after Indra and his wife died, the trees continued to bear fruit.
There are rumoured to be two Nariphon pods in a Buddhist temple near Bangkok. 
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In Search of the Lost Empire of the Maya With video

In Search of the Lost Empire of the Maya

CALAKMUL In the seventh century A.D. the Snake rulers presided over this capital city—in what today is southern Mexico—and its largest structure, a pyramid 180 feet tall. From Calakmul they managed an intricate web of alliances. 

The ancient city of Holmul isn’t much to look at. To the casual observer it’s just a series of steep, forested hills in the middle of the jungle in northern Guatemala, near the Mexican border. The jungle here in the Petén Basin is thick and warm but drier than you might expect. And silent, except for the drum of cicadas and the occasional calls of howler monkeys.

Take a closer look, and you may notice that most of these hills are arranged in massive rings, like travelers huddled around a fire on a cold night. An even closer look reveals that parts of the hills are made of cut stone, and some have tunnels carved into their sides. In fact they’re not hills at all but ancient pyramids, left to decay after the collapse of the Maya civilization a millennium ago.

The site was a thriving settlement during the Classic Maya period (A.D. 250-900), a time when writing and culture flourished throughout what is today Central America and southern Mexico. But it also was a time of political upheaval: Two warring city-states were locked in perennial conflict, grappling for supremacy. For a brief period one of those city-states prevailed and became the closest thing to an empire in Maya history. It was ruled by the Snake kings of the Kaanul dynasty, which until just a few decades ago no one even knew existed. Thanks to sites around this city-state, including Holmul, archaeologists are now piecing together the story of the Snake kings.

Masks from the tombs at Calakmul were meant to ease the passage of the Snake elite into the next world. Royal visages made of green jade, more valuable than gold to the ancient Maya, evoked the annual agricultural cycle and regeneration. 

Holmul isn’t a big, famous site like nearby Tikal, and it was mostly ignored by archaeologists until 2000, when Francisco Estrada-Belli arrived. An Italian-born Guatemalan, he’s ruggedly handsome with scruffy hair and a relaxed demeanor. He wasn’t looking for anything fancy, such as Classic-era written tablets or ornate burials—just some insight into the roots of the Maya. One of the first things he found was a building a few miles from what appeared to be Holmul’s central cluster of pyramids. In it were the remnants of a mural portraying soldiers on a pilgrimage to a faraway place.

Oddly, parts of the mural had been destroyed, apparently by the Maya themselves, as if they’d wanted to erase the history it depicted. Hoping to understand why, Estrada-Belli tunneled into several nearby pyramids. Ancient Mesoamericans built their pyramids in stages, one on top of the other, like Russian nesting dolls. When the people of Holmul added a new layer, they preserved the one beneath, which has allowed researchers to tunnel in and see previous structures almost exactly as they were left.

In 2013 Estrada-Belli and his team worked their way into one of the larger pyramids, tracing an ancient staircase to the entrance of a ceremonial building. Climbing up through a hole in the floor, they discovered a 26-foot-long frieze, marvelously preserved, above the entrance to an ancient tomb.

Stucco friezes are very rare and fragile. This one depicted three men, including a Holmul king, rising from the mouths of strange monsters flanked by underworld creatures, entwined by two giant, feathered serpents. The artwork was iconic and strikingly vibrant.

As Estrada-Belli gazed at the frieze, he noticed a series of carvings at the bottom. Kneeling down, he saw a ribbon of characters, or glyphs, listing the kings of Holmul. Near the center was a glyph that he knew at once was the most electrifying discovery of his career: a grinning snake.

A relief from La Corona, Guatemala—once the ancient city of Saknikte—shows future Snake King Yuknoom Cheen II playing ball during a visit. Hieroglyphics give the date: February 11, 635. 

Among the various glyphs, I saw the [name of the] Kaanul,” he says. “Before this we were anonymous; Holmul was anonymous. And then, all of a sudden, we were in the middle of the most exciting part of Maya history.”

The story of the discovery of the Kaanul, or Snakes, and their effort to create an empire begins in Tikal, the city of their most hated enemy. Just as Tikal dominated the Maya lowlands for centuries, it has dominated Maya archaeology since the 1950s. The sprawling city once had a population approaching 60,000, and its elegant buildings surely dazzled visitors in A.D. 750, much as they do tourists today.

It also had hundreds of beautifully carved tombstone-like blocks called stelae. Using the inscriptions on them, scientists reconstructed Tikal’s history until its fall in the ninth century. But there was an odd gap—roughly from 560 to 690—when no stelae were carved and little else was built. Baffled by this 130-year break, archaeologists called it the Tikal hiatus and chalked it up as a mystery of the ancient Maya.

Archaeologists began filling in the gap in the 1960s, when they noticed an odd glyph scattered around various Classic sites—a snake head with a clownish grin and surrounded by markings associated with royalty. In 1973 archaeologist Joyce Marcus recognized it as an emblem glyph—words for a city and ruling title that served as a sort of coat of arms. She wondered if it could be related to the Tikal hiatus. What if some unknown warriors had conquered the city? If they had, where would such a force have come from, and wouldn’t archaeologists be familiar with it?

The jungles of the Petén are hot and parched in the dry season and nearly impassable in the wet season. They’re infested with poisonous plants and insects and menaced by armed drug runners. Nevertheless Marcus explored them for months, visiting ruins and collecting photos of glyphs. Everywhere she went, she saw references to the grinning snake, especially around the ancient city of Calakmul, in what’s now Mexico, near its southern border.

“These satellite sites were mentioning this city in the center. So in that way it was kind of like a black hole,” Marcus says. “It was the hub of a network of sites around it that were equidistant from Calakmul.”

When she got to Calakmul, whose two central pyramids were easily visible from the air, she was amazed by its size—roughly 50,000 people once lived there. Stelae were strewn everywhere, but most of them were blank. The limestone was so soft that centuries of erosion had wiped them clean. She found only two snake glyphs in the city.

The mystery of the snakes prompted a young British researcher, Simon Martin, to assemble all the information he could about the snake glyphs from Calakmul and smaller sites. He used hints of battles and political intrigue from around the Maya world to form a picture of the Snakes and their dynasty.

“We only really know about Tikal from Tikal. Whereas in Calakmul’s case, we know about them from everybody else,” Martin says. “It just sort of coalesced out of the mist. Little by little the significance of all these random appearances began to point in the same direction.
CALAKMUL FROM ABOVE Take in the grandeur of Calakmul as you swoop over and around its 180-foot-tall pyramid in this soaring aerial video.

Video by David Coventry, Guillermo Cortés, and Jacobo Cortés

Eventually Martin and archaeologist Nikolai Grube published a book called Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens, which described the intertwining histories of the kingdoms of the ancient Maya world. At the center of that world, for one shining century, were the Snakes. Like Marcus, Martin says the Snake kingdom was a sort of black hole—one that sucked in all the cities around it and created what might have been a Maya empire. Of course there are still many questions about the Snakes: how they lived, ruled, and fought—and even whether some of them were real.

At the end of the fifth century, Tikal was one of the most powerful city-states in the region. Archaeologists suspect that it held its position with the help of a much larger city high in the mountains 650 miles to the west called Teotihuacan, near today’s Mexico City. For centuries these two cities shaped Maya painting, architecture, pottery, weapons, and city planning. But all that changed in the sixth century, when Teotihuacan disengaged from the Maya region, leaving Tikal to fend for itself.

Enter the Snakes. No one’s sure where they came from; there’s no evidence of them ruling Calakmul before 635. Some experts imagine them hundreds of years before the Classic era, moving from place to place, creating one megacity after another. But this is guesswork. The first obvious snake glyphs seem to appear in Dzibanché, a city in southern Mexico, 80 miles northeast of Calakmul.

Wherever the Snakes were based, we know that starting in the early sixth century two successive Snake kings recognized that Tikal was vulnerable and made a bold play for political control. The first, Stone Hand Jaguar, spent decades making courtesy calls throughout the Maya lowlands.

The reconstructed burial of a Snake king, thought to be Claw of Fire, who died in 697, includes jade and shell beads placed on a shroud and some of the ceramics interred with him at Calakmul. 

The reconstructed burial of a Snake king, thought to be Claw of Fire, who died in 697, includes jade and shell beads placed on a shroud and some of the ceramics interred with him at Calakmul.
CONACULTA, INAH, MEXICO. PHOTOGRAPHED AT MUSEO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE CAMPECHE FUERTE DE SAN MIGUEL

These visits might seem innocuous now—orchestrating a wedding, playing an ancient Maya ball game (a sport involving a ball, several sticks, and stone hoops), perhaps just dropping by to say hello. But this was how conquest often happened in the Maya world—by offering gifts, paying respects, building crucial allies. No one seems to have been better at this than the Snakes.

Soon Tikal’s southeastern ally, Caracol, was siding with the Snakes, as was Waka, a warlike city to the west. The Snakes patiently gathered the loyalty of other cities to the north, east, and west of Tikal, forming a giant pincer to squeeze their foe. Stone Hand Jaguar and his allies were finally ready to make their move on Tikal, but the Snake lord died before his political maneuvers could pay off. It fell to his successor (and perhaps son), Sky Witness, to spring the trap. The young king must have cut an impressive figure. Scientists who’ve examined his remains say he was powerfully built and that his skull was battered from untold battles, with scars on top of previous scars.

According to inscriptions on an altar in Caracol, Sky Witness put an end to Tikal’s reign on April 29, 562. The king put all the pieces in place, then struck. He led the Snake army east from Waka, while forces from Caracol, the nearby city-state of Naranjo, and probably Holmul moved west.

The Snakes and their allies quickly crushed Tikal, sacked it, and likely sacrificed its king with a stone blade on his own altar. It’s probably at this time that the people of Holmul nearly destroyed the mural that Estrada-Belli would find more than 1,400 years later—which honors Tikal and Teotihuacan—as a sign of loyalty to their new Snake lords. The reign of the Snakes had begun.

A scene painted on the side of a pyramid at Calakmul offers a rare view of everyday life at the time of the Snake kings: A woman in a diaphanous blue dress helps another balance the heavy burden of a pot likely filled with corn gruel. 

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In Search of the Lost Empire of the Maya

CALAKMUL In the seventh century A.D. the Snake rulers presided over this capital city—in what today is southern Mexico—and its largest structure, a pyramid 180 feet tall. From Calakmul they managed an intricate web of alliances. 

The ancient city of Holmul isn’t much to look at. To the casual observer it’s just a series of steep, forested hills in the middle of the jungle in northern Guatemala, near the Mexican border. The jungle here in the Petén Basin is thick and warm but drier than you might expect. And silent, except for the drum of cicadas and the occasional calls of howler monkeys.

Take a closer look, and you may notice that most of these hills are arranged in massive rings, like travelers huddled around a fire on a cold night. An even closer look reveals that parts of the hills are made of cut stone, and some have tunnels carved into their sides. In fact they’re not hills at all but ancient pyramids, left to decay after the collapse of the Maya civilization a millennium ago.

The site was a thriving settlement during the Classic Maya period (A.D. 250-900), a time when writing and culture flourished throughout what is today Central America and southern Mexico. But it also was a time of political upheaval: Two warring city-states were locked in perennial conflict, grappling for supremacy. For a brief period one of those city-states prevailed and became the closest thing to an empire in Maya history. It was ruled by the Snake kings of the Kaanul dynasty, which until just a few decades ago no one even knew existed. Thanks to sites around this city-state, including Holmul, archaeologists are now piecing together the story of the Snake kings.

Masks from the tombs at Calakmul were meant to ease the passage of the Snake elite into the next world. Royal visages made of green jade, more valuable than gold to the ancient Maya, evoked the annual agricultural cycle and regeneration. 

Holmul isn’t a big, famous site like nearby Tikal, and it was mostly ignored by archaeologists until 2000, when Francisco Estrada-Belli arrived. An Italian-born Guatemalan, he’s ruggedly handsome with scruffy hair and a relaxed demeanor. He wasn’t looking for anything fancy, such as Classic-era written tablets or ornate burials—just some insight into the roots of the Maya. One of the first things he found was a building a few miles from what appeared to be Holmul’s central cluster of pyramids. In it were the remnants of a mural portraying soldiers on a pilgrimage to a faraway place.

Oddly, parts of the mural had been destroyed, apparently by the Maya themselves, as if they’d wanted to erase the history it depicted. Hoping to understand why, Estrada-Belli tunneled into several nearby pyramids. Ancient Mesoamericans built their pyramids in stages, one on top of the other, like Russian nesting dolls. When the people of Holmul added a new layer, they preserved the one beneath, which has allowed researchers to tunnel in and see previous structures almost exactly as they were left.

In 2013 Estrada-Belli and his team worked their way into one of the larger pyramids, tracing an ancient staircase to the entrance of a ceremonial building. Climbing up through a hole in the floor, they discovered a 26-foot-long frieze, marvelously preserved, above the entrance to an ancient tomb.

Stucco friezes are very rare and fragile. This one depicted three men, including a Holmul king, rising from the mouths of strange monsters flanked by underworld creatures, entwined by two giant, feathered serpents. The artwork was iconic and strikingly vibrant.

As Estrada-Belli gazed at the frieze, he noticed a series of carvings at the bottom. Kneeling down, he saw a ribbon of characters, or glyphs, listing the kings of Holmul. Near the center was a glyph that he knew at once was the most electrifying discovery of his career: a grinning snake.

A relief from La Corona, Guatemala—once the ancient city of Saknikte—shows future Snake King Yuknoom Cheen II playing ball during a visit. Hieroglyphics give the date: February 11, 635. 

Among the various glyphs, I saw the [name of the] Kaanul,” he says. “Before this we were anonymous; Holmul was anonymous. And then, all of a sudden, we were in the middle of the most exciting part of Maya history.”

The story of the discovery of the Kaanul, or Snakes, and their effort to create an empire begins in Tikal, the city of their most hated enemy. Just as Tikal dominated the Maya lowlands for centuries, it has dominated Maya archaeology since the 1950s. The sprawling city once had a population approaching 60,000, and its elegant buildings surely dazzled visitors in A.D. 750, much as they do tourists today.

It also had hundreds of beautifully carved tombstone-like blocks called stelae. Using the inscriptions on them, scientists reconstructed Tikal’s history until its fall in the ninth century. But there was an odd gap—roughly from 560 to 690—when no stelae were carved and little else was built. Baffled by this 130-year break, archaeologists called it the Tikal hiatus and chalked it up as a mystery of the ancient Maya.

Archaeologists began filling in the gap in the 1960s, when they noticed an odd glyph scattered around various Classic sites—a snake head with a clownish grin and surrounded by markings associated with royalty. In 1973 archaeologist Joyce Marcus recognized it as an emblem glyph—words for a city and ruling title that served as a sort of coat of arms. She wondered if it could be related to the Tikal hiatus. What if some unknown warriors had conquered the city? If they had, where would such a force have come from, and wouldn’t archaeologists be familiar with it?

The jungles of the Petén are hot and parched in the dry season and nearly impassable in the wet season. They’re infested with poisonous plants and insects and menaced by armed drug runners. Nevertheless Marcus explored them for months, visiting ruins and collecting photos of glyphs. Everywhere she went, she saw references to the grinning snake, especially around the ancient city of Calakmul, in what’s now Mexico, near its southern border.

“These satellite sites were mentioning this city in the center. So in that way it was kind of like a black hole,” Marcus says. “It was the hub of a network of sites around it that were equidistant from Calakmul.”

When she got to Calakmul, whose two central pyramids were easily visible from the air, she was amazed by its size—roughly 50,000 people once lived there. Stelae were strewn everywhere, but most of them were blank. The limestone was so soft that centuries of erosion had wiped them clean. She found only two snake glyphs in the city.

The mystery of the snakes prompted a young British researcher, Simon Martin, to assemble all the information he could about the snake glyphs from Calakmul and smaller sites. He used hints of battles and political intrigue from around the Maya world to form a picture of the Snakes and their dynasty.

“We only really know about Tikal from Tikal. Whereas in Calakmul’s case, we know about them from everybody else,” Martin says. “It just sort of coalesced out of the mist. Little by little the significance of all these random appearances began to point in the same direction.”

CALAKMUL FROM ABOVE Take in the grandeur of Calakmul as you swoop over and around its 180-foot-tall pyramid in this soaring aerial video.
Video by David Coventry, Guillermo Cortés, and Jacobo Cortés

Eventually Martin and archaeologist Nikolai Grube published a book called Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens, which described the intertwining histories of the kingdoms of the ancient Maya world. At the center of that world, for one shining century, were the Snakes. Like Marcus, Martin says the Snake kingdom was a sort of black hole—one that sucked in all the cities around it and created what might have been a Maya empire. Of course there are still many questions about the Snakes: how they lived, ruled, and fought—and even whether some of them were real.

At the end of the fifth century, Tikal was one of the most powerful city-states in the region. Archaeologists suspect that it held its position with the help of a much larger city high in the mountains 650 miles to the west called Teotihuacan, near today’s Mexico City. For centuries these two cities shaped Maya painting, architecture, pottery, weapons, and city planning. But all that changed in the sixth century, when Teotihuacan disengaged from the Maya region, leaving Tikal to fend for itself.

Enter the Snakes. No one’s sure where they came from; there’s no evidence of them ruling Calakmul before 635. Some experts imagine them hundreds of years before the Classic era, moving from place to place, creating one megacity after another. But this is guesswork. The first obvious snake glyphs seem to appear in Dzibanché, a city in southern Mexico, 80 miles northeast of Calakmul.

Wherever the Snakes were based, we know that starting in the early sixth century two successive Snake kings recognized that Tikal was vulnerable and made a bold play for political control. The first, Stone Hand Jaguar, spent decades making courtesy calls throughout the Maya lowlands.

The reconstructed burial of a Snake king, thought to be Claw of Fire, who died in 697, includes jade and shell beads placed on a shroud and some of the ceramics interred with him at Calakmul. 

The reconstructed burial of a Snake king, thought to be Claw of Fire, who died in 697, includes jade and shell beads placed on a shroud and some of the ceramics interred with him at Calakmul.
CONACULTA, INAH, MEXICO. PHOTOGRAPHED AT MUSEO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE CAMPECHE FUERTE DE SAN MIGUEL

These visits might seem innocuous now—orchestrating a wedding, playing an ancient Maya ball game (a sport involving a ball, several sticks, and stone hoops), perhaps just dropping by to say hello. But this was how conquest often happened in the Maya world—by offering gifts, paying respects, building crucial allies. No one seems to have been better at this than the Snakes.

Soon Tikal’s southeastern ally, Caracol, was siding with the Snakes, as was Waka, a warlike city to the west. The Snakes patiently gathered the loyalty of other cities to the north, east, and west of Tikal, forming a giant pincer to squeeze their foe. Stone Hand Jaguar and his allies were finally ready to make their move on Tikal, but the Snake lord died before his political maneuvers could pay off. It fell to his successor (and perhaps son), Sky Witness, to spring the trap. The young king must have cut an impressive figure. Scientists who’ve examined his remains say he was powerfully built and that his skull was battered from untold battles, with scars on top of previous scars.

According to inscriptions on an altar in Caracol, Sky Witness put an end to Tikal’s reign on April 29, 562. The king put all the pieces in place, then struck. He led the Snake army east from Waka, while forces from Caracol, the nearby city-state of Naranjo, and probably Holmul moved west.

The Snakes and their allies quickly crushed Tikal, sacked it, and likely sacrificed its king with a stone blade on his own altar. It’s probably at this time that the people of Holmul nearly destroyed the mural that Estrada-Belli would find more than 1,400 years later—which honors Tikal and Teotihuacan—as a sign of loyalty to their new Snake lords. The reign of the Snakes had begun.

A scene painted on the side of a pyramid at Calakmul offers a rare view of everyday life at the time of the Snake kings: A woman in a diaphanous blue dress helps another balance the heavy burden of a pot likely filled with corn gruel. 

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IGI 2 cheat codes

God Mode, All Missions, Unlimited Ammo & Harmless Enemies

God Mode

Push [ctrl] + [alt] + [f9] at the same time for unlimited health.

God mode can also be achieved by editing the humanplayer.qvm file found in the IGI 2/humanplayer directory.

1. Make this change before you launch the game.
2. First, make a backup of this file so you can easily revert without reinstalling the game.
3. Then, open the file.
4. You'll find several variables under "max damage scale" which if  changed to a value of "0" will prevent you from taking damage.

Unlock all levels

Push [left ctrl] + [left shift] + [f9] at the same time while at the main menu. When you start the game, all levels should be unlocked so you can select any one to start on or replay.

Skipping Missions

Push [esc] during a mission to pull up the igi 2 menu and go to the "controls" section. Then press [prt scr] and it will send you to the next mission.

This can also be done by pushing [left ctrl] + [left shift] + [f12] at the same time. No need to go into the menu using that method.

Harmless Enemies

This cheat involves editing your IGI 2 gameplay files so that all enemies (with the exception of tanks and helicopters) ignore you.

1. First, navigate to your install of IGI 2.
2. Then Go to the "ai" folder inside of the "common" folder.
3. Backup the current ai folder by copying it to another location.
4. Then inside the ai folder, delete two files: default.gvm & squaddefault.qvm
5. Copy the settings.qvm file twice and rename each copy to default.gvm & squaddefault.qvm (replacing the ones you deleted).

Note, you can also accomplish this by editing only the settings.qvm file:

1. Again, create a backup of settings.qvm to a safe place before making any alterations.
2. Then, with notepad or any other text editor, open settings.qvm
3. Find the line "BaseData bool8 DangerTimeout[0..100]"
4. Modify it to be "BaseData bool8 DangerTimeout[0..001]"

Make these change before you launch the game.

Unlimited Ammo

To do this, we'll need to modify a file. Make these edits before you launch the game.

1. In the IGI 2 folder you'll find the humanplayer directory.
2. Backup the humanplayer.qvm
3. Open the humanplayer.qvm file with a text editor.
4. Update the "AMMO_ID_MAKAROVCLIP, 64" value to "AMMO_ID_MAKAROVCLIP, 99".
5. Do the same thing for all the ammo variables after it as well.

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Pistol

SIG Pro semi-automatic pistol

A model M1911A1 pistol

A pistol is a type of handgun. Some handgun experts and dictionaries make a technical distinction that views pistols as a subset of handguns; others use the terms interchangeably. Sometimes in usage, the term "pistol" refers to a handgun having one chamber integral with the barrel, making pistols distinct from the other main type of handgun, the revolver, which has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers.^[] But UK/rest of Commonwealth usage does not always make this distinction, particularly when the terms are used by the military. For example, the official designation of the Webley Mk VIrevolver was "Pistol, Revolver, Webley, No. 1 Mk VI".In contrast toMerriam-Webster the Oxford English Dictionary (a descriptivedictionary) describes 'pistol' as a small firearm to be used in one hand and the usage of "revolver" as being a type of handgun and gives its original form as "revolving pistol" 

Contents

  

• 1History and etymology
• 2Action
  • 2.1Single shot
  • 2.2Multi-barreled (non-rotating)
  • 2.3Harmonica pistol
  • 2.4Revolver
  • 2.5Semi-automatic
• 33D printed pistol
• 4References

History and etymology

European hand cannon (Germany, about 1475)

The pistol originates in the 16th century, when early handguns were produced inEurope. The English word was introduced in ca. 1570 from the Middle French pistolet (ca. 1550).

The etymology of the French word pistolet is disputed. It may be from a Czech word for early hand cannons, píšťala "flute", or alternatively from Italian pistolese, afterPistoia, a city renowned for Renaissance-era gunsmithing, where hand-held guns (designed to be fired from horseback) were first produced in the 1540s.^[10]

The first suggestion derives the word from Czech píšťala, a type of hand-cannonused in the Hussite Wars during the 1420s. The Czech word was adopted in German as pitschale, pitschole, petsole, and variants.^[11]

The second suggestion is less likely; the use of the word as a designation of a gun is not documented before 1605 in Italy, long after it was used in French and German. The Czech word is well documented since the Hussite wars in 1420s

Other suggestions include from Middle High German pischulle^{[citation needed]} or fromMiddle French pistole.^{[citation needed]} Also it is suggested that early pistols were carried by cavalry in holsters hung from thepommel (or pistallo in medieval French) of a horse's saddle.^{[citation needed]}

Action

The most common types of pistol are the single shot, and semi-automatic.

Single shot

French Navy pistol model 1837

Single shot handguns were mainly seen during the era of flintlock and musket weaponry where the pistol was loaded with a lead ball and fired by a flint striker, and then later a percussion cap. However, as technology improved, so did the single shot pistol. New operating mechanisms were created, and due to this, they are still made today. It is the oldest type of pistol,^{[citation needed]} and is often used to hunt wildgame.

Multi-barreled (non-rotating)

Multi-barreled pistols were common during the same time as single shot pistols. As designers looked for ways to increase fire rates, multiple barrels were added to all guns including pistols. One example of a multi-barreled pistol is the Duck's foot pistol, which generally had either four or eight barrels,^[13] although some 20th century models had three barrels.^[14]

Harmonica pistol

Around 1850, pistols such as the Jarre harmonica gun were produced that had a sliding magazine. The sliding magazine contained pinfire cartridges or speedloaders. The magazine needed to be moved manually in many designs, hence distinguishing them from semi-automatic pistols.^[15]

Revolver

Colt Model 1873 Single-Action "New Model Army Metallic Cartridge Revolving Pistol"

With the development of the revolver in the 19th century, gunsmiths had finally achieved the goal of a practical capability for delivering multiple loads to one handgun barrel in quick succession. Revolvers feed ammunition via the rotation of a cartridge-filled cylinder, in which each cartridge is contained in its own ignition chamber, and is sequentially brought into alignment with the weapon's barrel by anindexing mechanism linked to the weapon's trigger (double-action) or its hammer (single-action). These nominally cylindrical chambers, usually numbering between five and eight depending on the size of the revolver and the size of the cartridge being fired, are bored through the cylinder so that their axes are parallel to the cylinder's axis of rotation; thus, as the cylinder rotates, the chambers revolve about the cylinder's axis.

Semi-automatic

Semi-automatic pistol Grand Power K100 Target produced in Slovakia

The semi-automatic pistol was the next step in the development of the pistol. By avoiding multiple chambers—which need to be individually reloaded—semi-automatic pistols delivered faster rates of fire and required only a few seconds to reload (depending on the skill of the shooter). In blowback-type semi-automatics, the recoil force is used to push the slide back and eject the shell (if any) so that the magazine spring can push another round up; then as the slide returns, it chambers the round. An example of a modern blow back action semi-automatic pistol is theHK VP70.

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